MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) 是描述消息内容类型的标准,用来表示文档、文件或字节流的性质和格式。MIME 消息能包含文本、图像、音频、视频以及其他应用程序专用的数据。
浏览器通常使用 MIME 类型(而不是文件扩展名)来确定如何处理URL,因此 We b服务器在响应头中添加正确的 MIME 类型非常重要。如果配置不正确,浏览器可能会无法解析文件内容,网站将无法正常工作,并且下载的文件也会被错误处理,如下图,无法下载HTTP文件服务器上的apk文件。
解决方法
默认情况下,IIS是不允许没有注册到 IIS 的 MIME文件下载,IIS默认支持哪些 MiME类型呢,我们可以在 IIS 站点的属性中看得到。只可惜一些常用的文件类型都是默认不支持的,如:.apk .iso .7z bt种子等,但我们可以手动添加 MIME 类型让 IIS 可以支持我们指定的文件下载。方法如下:
1、打开 IIS 管理器,选中服务器,然后在右边窗口找到 [MIME类型] 图标,双击打开;
2、在打开的 [MIME类型] 设置窗口中,点击右边的 [添加] 按钮,建立新的MIME类型,如下图,扩展名中填写 ".apk",MIME类型中填写apk的MIME类型 "application/vnd.android.package-archive",单击“确定”保存设置。
3、打开命令行,输入 iisreset 命令重启 IIS 管理器,或者返回IIS服务器管理,点击最右边的“管理网站”下面的 [重新启动] 按钮。
4、现在,再次打开服务器上的apk文件,即可正常下载了,如下图。
拓展
1、MIME 类型通用结构:type/subtype
MIME 的组成结构非常简单,由类型与子类型两个字符串中间用 / 分隔而组成,不允许有空格。type 表示可以被分多个子类的独立类别,subtype 表示细分后的每个类型。
MIME 类型对大小写不敏感,但是传统写法都是小写。
两种主要的 MIME 类型在默认类型中扮演了重要的角色:
●text/plain 表示文本文件的默认值。
●application/octet-stream 表示所有其他情况的默认值。
2、常见的 MIME 类型
扩展名 | MIME 类型 |
.323 | text/h323 |
.acx | application/internet-property-stream |
.ai | application/postscript |
.aif | audio/x-aiff |
.aifc | audio/x-aiff |
.aiff | audio/x-aiff |
.asf | video/x-ms-asf |
.asr | video/x-ms-asf |
.asx | video/x-ms-asf |
.au | audio/basic |
.avi | video/x-msvideo |
.axs | application/olescript |
.bas | text/plain |
.bcpio | application/x-bcpio |
.bin | application/octet-stream |
.bmp | image/bmp |
.c | text/plain |
.cat | application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat |
.cdf | application/x-cdf |
.cer | application/x-x509-ca-cert |
.class | application/octet-stream |
.clp | application/x-msclip |
.cmx | image/x-cmx |
.cod | image/cis-cod |
.cpio | application/x-cpio |
.crd | application/x-mscardfile |
.crl | application/pkix-crl |
.crt | application/x-x509-ca-cert |
.csh | application/x-csh |
.css | text/css |
.dcr | application/x-director |
.der | application/x-x509-ca-cert |
.dir | application/x-director |
.dll | application/x-msdownload |
.dms | application/octet-stream |
.doc | application/msword |
.dot | application/msword |
.dvi | application/x-dvi |
.dxr | application/x-director |
.eps | application/postscript |
.etx | text/x-setext |
.evy | application/envoy |
.exe | application/octet-stream |
.fif | application/fractals |
.flr | x-world/x-vrml |
.gif | image/gif |
.gtar | application/x-gtar |
.gz | application/x-gzip |
.h | text/plain |
.hdf | application/x-hdf |
.hlp | application/winhlp |
.hqx | application/mac-binhex40 |
.hta | application/hta |
.htc | text/x-component |
.htm | text/html |
.html | text/html |
.htt | text/webviewhtml |
.ico | image/x-icon |
.ief | image/ief |
.iii | application/x-iphone |
.ins | application/x-internet-signup |
.isp | application/x-internet-signup |
.jfif | image/pipeg |
.jpe | image/jpeg |
.jpeg | image/jpeg |
.jpg | image/jpeg |
.js | application/x-javascript |
.latex | application/x-latex |
.lha | application/octet-stream |
.lsf | video/x-la-asf |
.lsx | video/x-la-asf |
.lzh | application/octet-stream |
.m13 | application/x-msmediaview |
.m14 | application/x-msmediaview |
.m3u | audio/x-mpegurl |
.man | application/x-troff-man |
.mdb | application/x-msaccess |
.me | application/x-troff-me |
.mht | message/rfc822 |
.mhtml | message/rfc822 |
.mid | audio/mid |
.mny | application/x-msmoney |
.mov | video/quicktime |
.movie | video/x-sgi-movie |
.mp2 | video/mpeg |
.mp3 | audio/mpeg |
.mpa | video/mpeg |
.mpe | video/mpeg |
.mpeg | video/mpeg |
.mpg | video/mpeg |
.mpp | application/vnd.ms-project |
.mpv2 | video/mpeg |
.ms | application/x-troff-ms |
.mvb | application/x-msmediaview |
.nws | message/rfc822 |
.oda | application/oda |
.p10 | application/pkcs10 |
.p12 | application/x-pkcs12 |
.p7b | application/x-pkcs7-certificates |
.p7c | application/x-pkcs7-mime |
.p7m | application/x-pkcs7-mime |
.p7r | application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp |
.p7s | application/x-pkcs7-signature |
.pbm | image/x-portable-bitmap |
application/pdf | |
.pfx | application/x-pkcs12 |
.pgm | image/x-portable-graymap |
.pko | application/ynd.ms-pkipko |
.pma | application/x-perfmon |
.pmc | application/x-perfmon |
.pml | application/x-perfmon |
.pmr | application/x-perfmon |
.pmw | application/x-perfmon |
.pnm | image/x-portable-anymap |
.pot, | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
.ppm | image/x-portable-pixmap |
.pps | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
.ppt | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
.prf | application/pics-rules |
.ps | application/postscript |
.pub | application/x-mspublisher |
.qt | video/quicktime |
.ra | audio/x-pn-realaudio |
.ram | audio/x-pn-realaudio |
.ras | image/x-cmu-raster |
.rgb | image/x-rgb |
.rmi | audio/mid |
.roff | application/x-troff |
.rtf | application/rtf |
.rtx | text/richtext |
.scd | application/x-msschedule |
.sct | text/scriptlet |
.setpay | application/set-payment-initiation |
.setreg | application/set-registration-initiation |
.sh | application/x-sh |
.shar | application/x-shar |
.sit | application/x-stuffit |
.snd | audio/basic |
.spc | application/x-pkcs7-certificates |
.spl | application/futuresplash |
.src | application/x-wais-source |
.sst | application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore |
.stl | application/vnd.ms-pkistl |
.stm | text/html |
.svg | image/svg+xml |
.sv4cpio | application/x-sv4cpio |
.sv4crc | application/x-sv4crc |
.swf | application/x-shockwave-flash |
.t | application/x-troff |
.tar | application/x-tar |
.tcl | application/x-tcl |
.tex | application/x-tex |
.texi | application/x-texinfo |
.texinfo | application/x-texinfo |
.tgz | application/x-compressed |
.tif | image/tiff |
.tiff | image/tiff |
.tr | application/x-troff |
.trm | application/x-msterminal |
.tsv | text/tab-separated-values |
.txt | text/plain |
.uls | text/iuls |
.ustar | application/x-ustar |
.vcf | text/x-vcard |
.vrml | x-world/x-vrml |
.wav | audio/x-wav |
.wcm | application/vnd.ms-works |
.wdb | application/vnd.ms-works |
.wks | application/vnd.ms-works |
.wmf | application/x-msmetafile |
.wps | application/vnd.ms-works |
.wri | application/x-mswrite |
.wrl | x-world/x-vrml |
.wrz | x-world/x-vrml |
.xaf | x-world/x-vrml |
.xbm | image/x-xbitmap |
.xla | application/vnd.ms-excel |
.xlc | application/vnd.ms-excel |
.xlm | application/vnd.ms-excel |
.xls | application/vnd.ms-excel |
.xlt | application/vnd.ms-excel |
.xlw | application/vnd.ms-excel |
.xof | x-world/x-vrml |
.xpm | image/x-xpixmap |
.xwd | image/x-xwindowdump |
.z | application/x-compress |
.zip | application/zip |
3、不常见的 MIME 类型
扩展名 | 类型/子类型 |
.apk | application/vnd.android.package-archive |
.ipa | application/octet-stream.ipa |
.iso | application/octet-stream |
.7z | application/octet-stream |
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